Delivery services have been the main beneficiaries of changes in consumer behaviour caused by lock-down, with a 44.4% increase in share of total dining spend, according to data from purchase intelligence platform Cardlytics.

Direct to consumer food and drink brands (meal kits and alcohol subscriptions) also benefited from the shift, seeing a 5% increase in share.

Pre-lock-down pubs and casual dining make up one-quarter of total dining spend in normal times but during lock-down this plummeted to 1%.

Quick serve restaurants fared better, with the share of total dining spend dropping 19%, with some chains able to pivot towards takeaway services.